Foot infections are the most complications of diabetes mellitus that lead to hospitalization. It is the most common cause of nontraumatic lower-extremity amputation. Diabetic foot infections, both involving the skin (cellulitis) and the bone (osteomyelitis) are very common in patients with poorly controlled DM. These infections...
Osteomyelitis (OM) refers to the inflammation or infection of the bone and bone marrow. It is a common complication of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and is associated with high morbidity as it may lead to leg amputation if poorly managed. The risk for amputation in...
Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) refers to compression of the posterior tibial nerve within the tarsal canal. At the level of the ankle, the posterior tibial nerve passes through a fibro-osseous canal and divides into the medial and lateral plantar nerves. TTS has been used loosely...
A plantar fibroma is a benign nodule that grows on the bottom of the foot as a single mass or in a cluster. They commonly occur between the 20s and 60s. They are usually slow-growing and very small in size (subcentimeter). However, there is a...
The ankle-brachial index test is a quick way for a podiatrist to check for peripheral artery disease (PAD). PAD is a painful condition that develops due to a narrowing of your arteries. This is quite common for people over 55 years of age, occurring in...
Peripheral neuropathy is the medical term used for nerve damage to the peripheral nervous system. This system is comprised of all the nerves in your body except the brain and the spinal cord, which are referred to as the central nervous system. Peripheral neuropathy has various...
Pigeon toe, also known as intoeing, is described as a condition where the toes turn in when one is walking or running. It is more common in children than in adults, and most children grow out of it before hitting the teenage years. However, in...
A plantar fibroma is a nodule that grows on the bottom of the foot. It is a benign condition that typically occurs in the 20s through 60s. It is usually slow growing and measures less than 1 cm. When there are numerous, invasive, rapid-growing and...
Toe deformities are one of the most common of all foot-related conditions. They occur due to abnormal positioning of the foot bones, maladjusted biomechanics, and several diseases such as arthritis or trauma. Toe deformities affect the alignment of the bones, joints and the soft tissues...
Retrocalcaneal bursitis is the inflammation of the small fluid-filled sac (bursa) located between the back of the heel bone and the Achilles tendon. It is also called the Achilles bursitis. It clinically presents as swelling, tenderness, and pain on the back of the foot. Symptoms...